see <#cancel=Cancellation>.

machines that <#cancel> <#stamp=stamps> and <#postmark> envelopes in a single operation.  Many different makes and models of cancelling machines have been used by post offices.

printer of 19th century <#revenue=revenue stamps>.

the pick-up of mail by an official letter carrier from collection boxes and residences along his route, and the delivery of that mail to the local post office, or directly to an addressee in the same city.  Sometimes carrier service included delivery of mail from the post office to an addressee.  The fee for this service (prior to the elimination of the fee on June 30, 1863 and establishment of free city delivery) was either 1¢ or 2¢.  Special <#carstamp=Carrier Stamps> were issued to pay for this service.  Prior to July l, 1863 the payment of regular postage only paid for transportation of mail between post offices.

<#stamp=stamps> that paid for <#carserv=carrier service>.  Carriers’ Stamps for national use were issued beginning in 1851 and are called Official Issues or general issues (<#scott=Scott> LO).  Other carriers’ stamps were used locally in Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Louisville, New York, Philadelphia, and St. Louis. (<#scott=Scott> LB).  They were issued by or under the authority of the local postmaster.  They are called semi-official issues, and were issued as early as 1842.